General History of Northern Sonora and Southern Arizona

• Prehistoric period:

• Human arrival to America
• Paleoindian
• Archaic
• Trincheras
• Hohokam
• The region of Nogales then
• Cultural Regression

  Historic period

Structural aspects:

• Strategic Location of Pimeria Alta
• Social Structure during Colonial Times
• Colonial Stages in Pimeria Alta

Happenings:

• First Expeditions to Northwestern New Spain
• Eusebio Francisco Kino (1687 - 1711)
• Map of the Pimeria Alta
• After Kino (1711-1736)
• Discovery of Planchas de Plata (1736 – 1740)
• Mission Growth (1740 – 1750)
• Luis de Saric Uprising (1751)
• Decay of the Jesuit Missions (1752 – 1767)
• The Jesuits are Expelled (1767)
• Beginnings of the Franciscan Period (1768 – 1774)
• Anza´s Expeditions to California (1774 – 1776)
• The Borbonic Reforms (1776 – 1785)
• Instability increases due to the Apache Raids (1785-1810

Mexico´s Independence:

• Mission Decay increases (1810 – 1840)
• Beginnings of Rancho Los Nogales (1841)
• The End of the Mission Period in Pimeria Alta (1840-1850)
• The Treaties of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, and Gadsden (1848-1854)
• Last Instabilites (1856-1866)
• Recovery and Economic Awakening (1866-1880)

Porfirism:

Structural Aspects:

• The Building of the Sonora Railroad
• Mining in Northern Sonora
• Structure of the Nogales Porfirist Society
• Ideology and Social Classes in Porfirist Nogales
• Main Buildings

Happenings:

• Law that establishes the Nogales Custom House
• Beginnings of Nogales
• Law that Establishes the Municipality of Nogales
• Contract that establishes the Township of Nogales
• The last Geronimo Assault (1886)
• Years of Growth (1887-1891)
• Remeasuring the Border (1891-1895)
• Previous to the Revolution (1896-1910)

The Mexican Revolution

Structural Aspects:

• Causes of the Revolution in the Border
• Fuction of the Border during the Revolution
• Stages of the Revolution in the Border

Happenings:

• Maderism in Nogales (1910-1913)
• Calles against Maytorena (1913-1915)
• Villismo is Defeated in Nogales (1915)
• Worsening of International Relations (1916-1918)
• The International Incident of August 27, 1918
• Gradual Return to Peace (1919-1920)

Nogales is a City

• Nogales is declared a City (1920)
• Law that declares Nogales a City
• Vice Grows (1920-1922)
• Municipal Poverty and the Need of Growth (1922-1925)
• More Education and better Tourism (1926-1928)
• The Escobarist Uprising (1929)
• Right Before the Great Depression (1929)
• Years of Economic Crisis (1930-1934)
• Ideologic Infighting (1935)
• Diverse Visions on the Future of Nogales (1936-1939)
• The Second World War (1940-1944)
• How will the Future of Nogales be? (1945-1949)
• It is Necessary to Change the Face of Nogales (1950-1954)
• The New Federal Model for Nogales (1955-1959)

Towards Today´s Nogales:

• Strategies of Development
• The Process of Border Industrialization
• Education is Restructured in Nogales
• The Spiritual Dimension in Today´s Nogales
• Uprooting and Social Atomization

Nogales, Arizona

• During Porfirism
• During the Revolution
• Since 1920